It is expected to replace lithium-ion batteries! US scientists develop new "dream battery"
American scientists published a paper in the latest issue of the "Journal of the American Chemical Society" saying that they have developed a new type of sodium-sulfur battery that solves the problems of dendrites commonly faced by similar batteries and makes the battery life longer - after 300 cycles Charge and discharge are still stable performance. The latest research is an important milestone on the road to commercialization of sodium-sulfur batteries, which are expected to replace the widely used lithium-ion batteries in the future.
: Fiziķu organizāciju tīkls
Litija{0}}jonu baterijas pašlaik plaši izmanto viedtālruņos un elektriskajos transportlīdzekļos. Taču litija{1}}jonu akumulatoru ražošanas izejmateriāliem litijam un kobaltam ir ne tikai ierobežotas rezerves, bet arī zināma negatīva ietekme uz vidi, tostarp liela daudzuma gruntsūdeņu izmantošana, piesārņojums. no augsnes un ūdens avotiem, oglekļa emisijas ir augstas. Tādi materiāli kā nātrijs un sērs ir lētāki, vieglāk pieejami (nātriju var iegūt no okeāna) un videi draudzīgāki. Paturot to prātā, pētnieki pēdējos 20 gadus ir strādājuši pie nātrija{2}}baterijām, kas var darboties istabas temperatūrā.
The latest research leader, Professor Arumgan Mantiram, Director of the Materials Institute at the University of Texas at Austin, said: "The sodium and sulfur are abundant, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective, making sodium-sulfur batteries a promising alternative. kind of 'dream battery'."
In two recent studies of sodium batteries by Mantiram's team, the scientists adjusted the composition of the electrolyte to help ions move back and forth between the cathode and anode, stimulating the charging and discharging of the battery. In addition, they have overcome a common problem in sodium batteries -- needle-like dendrites that grow on the battery's anode, causing the battery to rapidly age, short-circuit, and even catch fire and explode.
The researchers explain that in previous sodium-sulfur battery electrolytes, intermediate compounds formed from sulfur would dissolve in the electrolyte and shuttle between the two electrodes within the battery, leading to material loss, component degradation and dendrite formation. The new electrolyte they formulated uses an inert (not involved in chemical reaction) solvent to dilute the concentrated salt solution, thereby keeping the electrolyte in a "semi-dissolved" state. The results show that the new electrolyte can prevent the dissolution of sulfur, thus solving the shuttle and dendrite problems. This allows the battery to last longer, showing stable performance after 300 charge-discharge cycles.
Litija cenas pēdējā gada laikā ir strauji pieaugušas, un aicinājumi pēc alternatīvām litija{0}}jonu akumulatoriem ir kļuvuši skaļāki. Pētnieki plāno balstīties uz šo sasniegumu, pārbaudot lielākas baterijas, lai noskaidrotu, vai tās var izmantot elektriskajiem transportlīdzekļiem un atjaunojamo enerģijas avotu, piemēram, vēja un saules, uzglabāšanai.
